The Elements and Principles of Photography.
- The “building block” of design
- All good design will have one or more of these elements: line,color,shape,form,texture,space,and value
- Line: the line is one dimensional and can vary in width,direction,and length. Lines also can define the edges of a form. Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal straight or curved, thick or thin. Lines lead your eye around the composition
- Color: Color has three main characteristics hue (red,yellow,green), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is) Colors can also be described as warm (red,yellow), or cool (blue,green)
Complimentary Colors - colors opposite each other on the color wheel. (ex green & red)
Analogous - colors next to each other on the color wheel ( red & orange)
- Shape: shape is two dimensional, with a height and width.
Inorganic Shape - manmade- such as triangles and rectangles.
- Form: form is three dimensional, has height and width and depth.
- Texture: the surface quality of an object that we sense through touch. All objects have a physical texture (think- horsehair, dolphin smooth)
- Space: real space is three dimensional. Space in a work of art refers to a feeling of depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to an artist’s use of the area around the picture plane.
Negative Space - the space around the primary object
- Value: value is the lightness or darkness of a surface. It is frequently used when talking about shading. But it also important in the study of color.
- Principles of art:
- The principles of art are the rules or guidelines of art
- Use to organize or arrange the structural elements of design.
- Principles are balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, harmony, variety, and unity.
- Balance: balance is similar to our physical sense of balance. It is how the artist uses opposing forces in a composition that results in visual stability
- Proportion: proportion relates to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. Specifically, the relationship between the objects.
- Rhythm: rhythm in an artwork indicates movement by the repetition of elements. Rhythm can make an artwork seem active.
- Emphasis: emphasis is to make one part of an artwork dominant over the other parts. It attracts the viewer’s eyes to place of special importance in an artwork.
- Harmony: harmony is the pleasing quality achieved by different elements of a composition interacting to form a whole. Harmony is often accomplished through repetition of the same or similar characteristics.
- Variety: Difference achieved by opposing, contrasting, changing, elaborating, or diversifying elements in a composition to add individualism and interest.
- Unity: unity is the result of bringing the elements of art into the appropriate ratio between harmony and variety to achieve a sense of oneness. It is the sense that everything works together and looks like it fits.
Fast Shutter Speed
RESPECT
What is respect? Well the definition is a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. But what is respect to me? Having manners and there’s no type of tolerance in you. Meaning like if someone is your role model then you respect that person no matter what. Because that’s how you feel like you should.
But not everyone earns respect that fast. Having to get to know them better should help you. IF they earn your respect then obviously your ways towards them is going to change. No more attitude, no more being rude. Just have some sense into your head. It all makes sense once you feel like someone earned your respect and you earned theres.
But not everyone earns respect that fast. Having to get to know them better should help you. IF they earn your respect then obviously your ways towards them is going to change. No more attitude, no more being rude. Just have some sense into your head. It all makes sense once you feel like someone earned your respect and you earned theres.
Light Painting
Shutter Speed
- shutter speeds are both a technical and aesthetic choice a photographer needs to make before releasing the shutter.
- The shutter inside your camera controls the duration of time the sensor is exposed to light
- Capturing blur or motion in your photograph can emphasize movement and add drama
- A fast shutter speed is often untilized to freeze the movement of a subject
- A slow shutter speed can be used to show motion and visualize movement
- 1/800, 1/400, 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/25, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, ¼, ½ ( shutter speeds are expressed as secs or fractions of seconds)
- as a general rule to prevent unintentional camera shake you should avoid handholding. You digital camera at shutter speeds slower than
- using a tripod can help eliminate camera shake when using slower shutter speeds
- The visual blur and suggestion of movement occurs because the subject is moving against a static background
- Layering motion of different subjects moving different directions of different speeds can set up interesting dynamics with a photograph
- Fast shutter speeds can make normal subjects appear to freeze in the air
- When photographing people running relatively close to the camera a shutter speed of 1/1000 second or faster should freeze most motion
- The distance the subject is from the camera the speed of the subject, and the focal length of the lens will affect whether the subject is sharp or blurred
- Slower shutter speeds combined with panning can help isolate the subject from a busy and distracting background
- A tripod combined with a long exposure can capture the fireworks trails
- Water movement can be emphasized with long exposures
Daguerrotype And Cyanotype
Daguerrotype
Step 1: Brushing emulsion do a THIN layer on top of paper only
Step 2: Hairdryers to dry paper
Step 3: Arranging artwork
Step 4: Sun exposure 6-12 minutes
Step 5: fix/ringe water until no more yellow is on paper ~ 3 minutes
Station 6: fix/hydrogen peroxide after rinse put in wash with hydrogen peroxide ~ 3 minutes
- Louis Daguerre was the inventor of Daguerrotype. He invented it in 1839
- Silver and Copper plate are needed, chemicals that are being used are iodine, bromine, and mercury in order to show the image
- Also lasts a very long time
- In England you had to pay a fee to make one
- Sir John Herschel Invented Cyanotype in 1842
- You need blue cyan dye and uses chemicals such as ammonium iron, citrate, and potassium ferricyanide.
- Take potassium ferricyanide and citrate and combine to make a compound. Then you brush the sun paper and let it dry. You then put it in contact with the picture you would like. Put it in light and the image will pop out. Dip it in water and the image will turn blue and white.
Step 1: Brushing emulsion do a THIN layer on top of paper only
Step 2: Hairdryers to dry paper
Step 3: Arranging artwork
Step 4: Sun exposure 6-12 minutes
Step 5: fix/ringe water until no more yellow is on paper ~ 3 minutes
Station 6: fix/hydrogen peroxide after rinse put in wash with hydrogen peroxide ~ 3 minutes
Toy Story
Aperture Assignment
Aperture knows how to read your image. it focuses on one specific thing. it can soften up the background yet make an object pop out. the key is to controlling the depth of field. its complicated yet easy to understand when you are measuring the area. yet the bigger the number the smaller the aperture will be. wider aperture (2.8) depth of field is 16.
Digital Camera Basics
- Q: what does DSLR stand for? A: Digital Single Lens Reflex, it uses mirrors to direct light from the lens. you look through to see what you are taking a picture of.
- Camera Obscura: everything you see is upside down and backwards. as your walking to a chair and if your looking at it without processing it then it would be right side up.
- Diagram of a camera: 1. Lens 2. reflex mirror 3. Shutter 4. Image sensor 5. Matte focusing screen 6. Condenser lens 7. Per
- Exposure: the amount of light collected by the sensor in your camera. if the shot is exposed too long the picture will wash out. if its too short then it will appear too dark. almost all cameras have a measurement in the light in the given shot/ exposure triangle is aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. consider these things before taking a picture.
- Aperture in the camera: put aperture is manhole within the lens to which light travels to the body of the camera. its easier if you see it as if it were your eyes.
- Size of the aperture: Large versus small aperture: expressed in f-numbers (exp: f/5.6) f-numbers are to be known as f-stops describing the size of the aperture or how open or closed the aperture is. A smaller f-stop means a larger aperture, while a larger f-stop means smaller aperture. (exp: f?1.4 is larger than f/2.0 and much larger than f/8.0)
- Aperture Basics: small apertures (high f/numbers i.e. f/22) increase the depth of field, bringing the main subject and background into focus. Large apertures (low f/numbers i.e. f/2.8) soften background details. Depth of Field (DOF) is the distance to which objects behind and in front of the focal point appear to be in focus.
- Shutter Speed: known as “exposure time” stands for the length of time of a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor/ IF the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely. if the shutter speed is slow it can create an effect called “motion blur” where moving objects appear blurred
- How shutter speeds are measured: measured in fractions of a second, when they are under a second (exp: 1/4 means a quarter of a second. while 1/250 means one)
- Rule of thumb for shutter speed: slowest shutter speed for hand held photography is 1/60, anything lower then that should either be on a tripod or on a straight, solid surface. any slower handheld shutter speed begins to get motion blur and your photograph may be out of focus
- ISO: level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. the lower the Iso number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher SIO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. the component within your camera that can change sensitivity is called “image sensor” or “sensor”. with increased sensitivity, your ca,era sensor can capture images in low-light environments without having to use glass. But higher sensitivity comes at having the use flash. but higher sensitivity comes at an expense- it adds grains or “noise” to the pictures
- General rule of thumb: bright and sunny// 100 iso. Cloudy// 250 iso. Indoors// 500 iso. Night time without a flash// 1600 iso
- Modes on the DSLR: m- manual control over aperture and shutter. a- aperture priority (landscape, food) s- shutter priority (movement) p- camera sets shutter speed and aperture.
- How to hold a DSLR: have the camera strap around your neck at all times. hold the camera by the lens AND hand grip if possible- treat with care!